Reference · Formulas

Formula Library

A quick-reference index. Search across math, finance, health, statistics, and physics.

Geometry

Pythagorean theorem

a² + b² = c²

Right-triangle side lengths.

Area of a circle

A = π r²

Radius squared, times π.

Circumference

C = 2π r

Length around a circle.

Sphere volume

V = (4/3) π r³

Volume from radius.

Algebra

Quadratic formula

x = (−b ± √(b² − 4ac)) / 2a

Roots of ax² + bx + c = 0.

Slope of a line

m = (y₂ − y₁) / (x₂ − x₁)

Rise over run.

Finance

Compound interest

A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)

Future value of P.

Simple interest

I = P r t

Flat interest, no compounding.

Mortgage payment

M = P r / (1 − (1+r)⁻ⁿ)

Monthly fixed-rate payment.

Health

BMI

BMI = kg / m²

Body mass index.

BMR (Mifflin–St Jeor)

10·kg + 6.25·cm − 5·age (+5 / −161)

Basal metabolic rate.

Statistics

Standard deviation (sample)

s = √(Σ(xᵢ − x̄)² / (n − 1))

Spread of a sample.

Mean

x̄ = (1/n) Σ xᵢ

Arithmetic average.

Physics

Newton's second law

F = m a

Force from mass and acceleration.

Kinetic energy

E = ½ m v²

Energy of a moving object.

Ohm's law

V = I R

Voltage = current × resistance.

Ideal gas law

P V = n R T

State of an ideal gas.

Distance, speed, time

d = v t

Constant velocity.